Lately, there has been a lot of experimentation with very short programs that synthesize something that sounds like music. I now want to share some information and thoughts about these experiments.
First, some background. On 2011-09-26, I released the following video on Youtube, presenting seven programs and their musical output:
This video gathered a lot of interest, inspiring many programmers to experiment on their own and share their findings. This was further boosted by Bemmu's on-line Javascript utility that made it easy for anyone (even non-programmers, I guess) to jump in the bandwagon. In just a couple of days, people had found so many new formulas that I just had to release another video to show them off.
Edit 2011-10-10: note that there's now a third video as well! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCRPUv8V22o
It all started a couple of months ago, when I encountered a 23-byte C-64 demo, Wallflower by 4mat of Ate Bit, that was like nothing I had ever seen on that size class on any platform. Glitchy, yes, but it had a musical structure that vastly outgrew its size. I started to experiment on my own and came up with a 16-byte VIC-20 program whose musical output totally blew my mind. My earlier blog post, "The 16-byte frontier", reports these findings and speculates why they work.
Some time later, I resumed the experimentation with a slightly more scientific mindset. In order to better understand what was going on, I needed a simpler and "purer" environment. Something that lacked the arbitrary quirks and hidden complexities of 8-bit soundchips and processors. I chose to experiment with short C programs that dump raw PCM audio data. I had written tiny "/dev/dsp softsynths" before, and I had even had one in my email/usenet signature in the late 1990s. However, the programs I would now be experimenting with would be shorter and less planned than my previous ones.
I chose to replicate the essentials of my earlier 8-bit experiments: a wave generator whose pitch is controlled by a function consisting of shifts and logical operators. The simplest waveform for /dev/dsp programs is sawtooth. A simple for(;;)putchar(t++) generates a sawtooth wave with a cycle length of 256 bytes, resulting in a frequency of 31.25 Hz when using the the default sample rate of 8000 Hz. The pitch can be changed with multiplication. t++*2 is an octave higher, t++*3 goes up by 7 semitones from there, t++*(t>>8) produces a rising sound. After a couple of trials, I came up with something that I wanted to share on an IRC channel:
main(t){for(t=0;;t++)putchar(t*(((t>>12)|(t>>8))&(63&(t>>4))));}
In just over an hour, Visy and Tejeez had contributed six more programs on the channel, mostly varying the constants and changing some parts of the function. On the following day, Visy shared our discoveries on Google+. I reshared them. A surprising flood of interested comments came up. Some people wanted to hear an MP3 rendering, so I produced one. All these reactions eventually led me to release the MP3 rendering on Youtube with some accompanying text screens. (In case you are wondering, I generated the screens with an old piece of code that simulates a non-existing text mode device, so it's just as "fakebit" as the sounds are).
When the first video was released, I was still unsure whether it would be possible for one line of C code to reach the sophistication of the earlier 8-bit experiments. Simultaneities, percussions, where are they? It would also have been great to find nice basslines and progressions as well, as those would be useful for tiny demoscene productions.
At some point of time, some people noticed that by getting rid of the t* part altogether and just applying logical operators on shifted time values one could get percussion patterns as well as some harmonies. Even a formula as simple as t&t>>8, an aural corollary of "munching squares", has interesting harmonic properties. Some small features can be made loud by adding a constant to the output. A simple logical operator is enough for combining two good-sounding formulas together (often with interesting artifacts that add to the richness of the sound). All this provided material for the "second iteration" video.
If the experimentation continues at this pace, it won't take many weeks until we have found the grail: a very short program, maybe even shorter than a Spotify link, that synthesizes all the elements commonly associated with a pop song: rhythm, melody, bassline, harmonic progression, macrostructure. Perhaps even something that sounds a little bit like vocals? We'll see.
Hasn't this been done before?
We've had the technology for all this for decades. People have been building musical circuits that operate on digital logic, creating short pieces of software that output music, experimenting with chaotic audiovisual programs and trying out various algorithms for musical composition. Mathematical theory of music has a history of over two millennia. Based on this, I find it quite mind-boggling that I have never before encountered anything similar to our discoveries despite my very long interest in computing and algorithmic sound synthesis. I've made some Google Scholar searches for related papers but haven't find anything. Still, I'm quite sure that at many individuals have come up with these formulas before, but, for some reason, their discoveries remained in obscurity.
Maybe it's just about technological mismatch: to builders of digital musical circuits, things like LFSRs may have been more appealing than very wide sequential counters. In the early days of the microcomputer, there was already enough RAM available to hold some musical structure, so there was never a real urge to simulate it with simple logic. Or maybe it's about the problems of an avant-garde mindset: if you're someone who likes to experiment with random circuit configurations or strange bit-shifting formulas, you're likely someone who has learned to appreciate the glitch esthetics and never really wants to go far beyond that.
Demoscene is in a special position here, as technological mismatch is irrelevant there. In the era of gigabytes and terabytes, demoscene coders are exploring the potential of ever shorter program sizes. And despite this, the sense of esthetics is more traditional than with circuit-benders and avant-garde artists. The hack value of a tiny softsynth depends on how much its output resembles "real, big music" such as Italo disco.
The softsynths used in the 4-kilobyte size class are still quite engineered. They often use tight code to simulate the construction of an analog synthesizer controlled by a stored sequence of musical events. However, as 256 bytes is becoming the new 4K, there has been ever more need to play decent music in the 256-byte size class. It is still possible to follow the constructivist approach in this size class -- for example, I've coded some simple 128-byte players for the VIC-20 when I had very little memory left. However, since the recent findings suggest that an approach with a lot of random experimentation may give better results than deterministic hacking, people have been competing in finding more and more impressive musical formulas. Perhaps all this was something that just had to come out of the demoscene and nowhere else.
Something I particularly like in this "movement" is its immediate, hands-on collaborative nature, with people sharing the source code of their findings and basing their own experimentation on other people's efforts. Anyone can participate in it and discover new, mind-boggling stuff, even with very little programming expertise. I don't know how long this exploration phase is going to last, but things like this might be useful for a "Pan-Hacker movement" that advocates hands-on hard-core hacking to greater masses. I definitely want to see more projects like this.
How profound is this?
Apart from some deterministic efforts that quickly bloat the code up to hundreds of source-code characters, the exploration process so far has been mostly trial-and-error. Some trial-and-error experimenters, however, seem to have been gradually developing an intuitive sense of what kind of formulas can serve as ingredients for something greater. Perhaps, at some time in the future, someone will release some enlightening mathematical and music-theoretical analysis that will explain why and how our algorithms work.
It already seems apparent, however, that stuff like this stuff works in contexts far beyond PCM audio. The earlier 8-bit experiments, such as the C-64 Wallflower, quite blindly write values to sound and video chip registers and still manage to produce interesting output. Media artist Kyle McDonald has rendered the first bunch of sounds into monochrome bitmaps that show an interesting, "glitchy" structure. Usually, music looks quite bad when rendered as bitmaps -- and this applies even to small chiptunes that sound a lot like our experiments, so it was interesting to notice the visual potential as well.
I envision that, in the context of generative audiovisual works, simple bitwise formulas could generate source data not only for the musical output but also drive various visual parameters as a function of time. This would make it possible, for example, for a 256-byte demoscene production to have an interesting and varying audiovisual structure with a strong, inherent synchronization between the effects and the music. As the formulas we've been experimenting with can produce both microstructure and macrostructure, we might assume that they can be used to drive low-level and high-level parameters equally well. From wave amplitudes and pixel colors to layer selection, camera paths, and 3D scene construction. But so far, this is mere speculation, until someone extends the experimentation to these parameters.
I can't really tell if there's anything very profound in this stuff -- after all, we already have fractals and chaos theory. But at least it's great for the kind of art I'm involved with, and that's what matters to me. I'll probably be exploring and embracing the audiovisual potential for some time, and you can expect me to blog about it as well.
Edit 2011-10-29: There's now a more detailed analysis available of some formulas and techniques.
836 comments:
1 – 200 of 836 Newer› Newest»Wow! Nice sounds and nice reading.
Regarding the theory behind it: this (and particularly the graphics at the bottom) reminds me a lot of wavelets, particularly the dyadic or fast wavelet transforms with very simple wavelets (e.g., the haar wavelet).
As to why it produces so nice harmonical and musical structures: if you look at it, musical structure is just kind of "macro-harmonics". Play 4 bars of this, then play 4 bars of this, then change to another theme, like the poplar ABAB, AABA structures. It's just a very low frequency square wave :-).
Strange though that there has been no scientific research going on there. Normally scientists go crazy if they find even the smallest topic that hasn't been grinded to death yet.
i've done some work with randomly generated p'' code for abstract audio + visuals http://www.openprocessing.org/visuals/?visualID=1138
but i was always frustrated with the limitations of the language. especially integer representation.
i think this approach of stacking basic operators will be much more fruitful. i'm going to try some genetic exploration of the composition space... it might also work as a livecode paradigm...
... or then I just picked bad search keywords.
I kind of mentioned the "macro-harmonics" in my earlier post, noting that microcomputer music has always used fixed binary lengths for optimizing the player code. In classic ProTracker configuration, for example, there's 4 rows per beat, 16 beats per pattern, and the macrostructure is a list of pattern indices.
wow cool. Do you have any idea what ya pipe to on a modern ubuntu system with puleaudio
ALSA systems: ./program | aplay
PulseAudio systems: ./program | pacat --format u8 --rate 8000
Cygwin on Windows simulates /dev/dsp directly.
I still fail to see how this is in any way "new" and "discovered". I mean, it sounds cool, but that's like the music from the c64, right? Like it was done already for games 25 years ago. Or so.
No, it isn't. C-64 music typically spends kilobytes for the player code and data. The playback mechanisms are very straightforward, giving the composer a lot of control over the output. A lot of order, very little chaos.
In this article, we're exploring a totally different complexity class. A class with only dozens of bytes of code. Something where parametric exploration rules over deterministic composition.
Absolutely awesome. Fun for the whole evening. (And you get to annoy your sister too)
btw, in the second video, there's (t*4>>10) which can be simplified to just (t>>8)
Just to let you know I made a little actionscript version of the creator/editor. One small improvement of the javascript one is that it dynamically updates itself as you type.
http://entropedia.co.uk/generative_music/
That's actually quite a great improvement, I've been hoping for this kind of dynamic editability as well. Thanks a lot!
check out "t * ((t>>3|t>>9)&82&t>>9)" in the javascript generator you included in the post! sounds pretty cool, and even has somewhat of a melody :)
this is awesome! thanks for sharing your findings.
I made a 2-line remix of miiro's 1-line symphony [1]:
Side A: http://tinyurl.com/3uejhum
Side B: http://tinyurl.com/3mfaogd
[1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlrs2Vorw2Y&feature=player_detailpage#t=134s
I just had a go implementing this on an AVR microcontroller. It works pretty well, however my 'reception method' results in low pass filtering the output at about 4KHz, which makes some of the pieces sound a bit different.
I tried adding some state, which makes it much easier to create interesting macro structures.
Are you going to Alternative Party by any chance?
Adding conditional statements gets pretty interesting. It may be breaking the spirit of the game, as it starts falling very similar to normal music coding, but you can make some pretty coos stuff.
baseline, melody, snare, volume control...
"( ((t*4)*(((t>>>11)&1)?1:0)*(((t>>>11)&8)?0:1) + (t*2)*(((t>>>10)&1)?1:0)*(((t>>>10)&128)?0:1) +(t*4)*(((t>>>10)&1)?1:0)*(((t>>>10)&128)?1:0) + (t*sin(t)*(((t>>>10)&4)?1:0)*(((t>>>10)&1)?1:0))) % 256) * (7/10)"
The URL is pretty long tho:
http://wurstcaptures.untergrund.net/music/?oneliner=(%20%20((t*4)*(((t%3E%3E%3E11)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E11)%268)%3F0%3A1)%20%2B%20(t*2)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%26128)%3F0%3A1)%20%2B(t*4)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%26128)%3F1%3A0)%20%2B%20(t*sin(t)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%264)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)))%20%25%20256)%20*%20(7%2F10)&rate=11025
CC123
Actually, in your formula, all the conditionals are either redundant (a&1?1:0 -> a&1) or can be replaced with bitshifts (a&128?1:0 -> (a&128)>>7). More complex ternaries can be replaced with plain arithmetic as well, it just takes a few more bytes.
Anyway, I don't see any philosophical problems with conditionals or additional variables. The main point for me is the shortness of the program, not functional purity or anything like that.
Yes, I'm going to be at Alternative Party. Someone has already thrown in the idea of having an oneliner music competition there, by the way.
The visual rendering of the audio patterns reminds me of two things that may be of interest from an algorithm perspective.
http://www.isi.edu/ant/address/ uses a single Hilbert Curve to compress the entire Internet IP allocation space into a single diagram. Imagine if you used a 256 byte algorithm to produce a Hilbert curve graphic, and then played it as audio. Or multiple overlapping curve trails, playing the image in a continuous loop as the ants (over)write new trails onto the audio-graphic.
http://www.derlien.com/ uses something called "Treemaps" to represent the hierarchical space usage of a hard drive full of information as a simple, human-understandable graph. On most of my hard drives, the result resembles very strongly like the black-and-white graphic above. So perhaps it would be possible to feed a generic treemap algorithm a list of simple inputs and have it produce an audio-graphic for playback use as well.
Thanks for writing this up, much appreciated.
This one you can use as a ringtone...
t * ((t>>3|t>>9)&74&t>>15)
Try sending the same output into /dev/audio and then to /dev/dsp on a Linux system with OSS emulation, and feel the difference... :)
It's because of the default encoding these devices use, /dev/audio uses logarithmic mu-Law encoding, while /dev/dsp is 8 bit unsigned...
\L
I wrote a little program for mutating an equation until you find something interesting. I should have a release in a day or two.
Anyways, I found this with it:
((((5&((3 *(23*(4^t)))+t))*(9*((15>>((9&((t&12)^15))>>5))*2)))*((((t*(t*8))>>10)&t)>>42))^15)
Check this:
http://wurstcaptures.untergrund.net/music/?oneliner=(%20%20((t*4)*(((t%3E%3E%3E11)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E11)%268)%3F0%3A1)%20%2B%20(t*2)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%26128)%3F0%3A1)%20%2B(t*4)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%26128)%3F1%3A0)%20%2B%20(t*sin(t)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%264)%3F1%3A0)*(((t%3E%3E%3E10)%261)%3F1%3A0)))%20%25%20256)%20*%20(7%2F10)&rate=11025
Tried to leave this as a YouTube comment, didn't go through:
t * ( ((t>>9)&10) | ((t>>11)&24) ^((t>>10)&15&(t>>15)) )
Had some fun with t%((t>>13)&(t>>6)) and t&(t>>9)&31 and then ((t*2)&(t>>(t>>10)))+((t*1.2)&(t>>9)&31)
- Benjohn
I've created an Arduino sketch that plays these algorithmic compositions through the PWM port. Get it from here:
http://www.gjcp.net/~gordonjcp/countercomplex.pde
Upload it to your Arduino and connect an amplifier to pin 11 (PWM output). Look in the source code for details of how it works. I've added the algorithms from the two videos on your site, plus a couple of my own.
You can even add some pots and switches and read them in the main loop() function, and make your algorithms tweakable!
Related: http://bit.ly/eus5nV
Very neat post, I am pretty interested in algorithmically generated music as well.
I recently read an article on fractal music: http://tinyurl.com/4yt9vzb. It talks about how music that is generated using properties of fractals creates music that is pleasing to people.
I think this article gives a good framework/criteria for the types of functions that will create "good" music. Namely, functions that create 1/f noise as opposed to white noise.
Hope you find the article interesting and thanks for sharing : )
Having been obsessed with, what I'd call a tune, "Lost in Space" from xpansive and after @paul_hayes updated http://entropedia.co.uk/generative_music/ to display a visual translating the formula, I've found out that the (t&t>>13|t>>6) part of the song is a formula representing the Sierpinski triangle, a well known fractal pattern.
No wonder the song is ever changing!
More info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_triangle
Me again, found out the simpler formula to a direct and complete Sierpinski, actually really simple: (t|t>>9).
Love the beauty in the combination of math and music.
The "Entropedia" visualization algorithm indeed plots Sierpinski triangles from all kinds of structures that contain AND/OR operations. The simple but harmonically interesting formula t&t>>8 I gave in the article plots a pure Sierpinski triangle as well.
Another interesting formula is (t*5&t>>7)|(t*3&t>>10) which has a very pleasant harmony as well as an interesting visual form: a Sierpinski triangle breaking down into squares that contain many smaller Sierpinski triangles.
Hey guys, that really got me stuck for a while. When I was 16 i experimented on similar stuff only i would output it to the graphic adapter. So anyway haven't seen anyone trying irrational numbers, yet.
So here is my little experiment. I guess I used some formulars i read here oder elsewhere. so no offence....
Anyway, enjoy:
((t>>7-0.1|(t&t)*0.5)|(t&t>>8)|(t>>7))|(t++*(t>>8))|(t>>7-0.1)*0.9
Love this stuff, especially the links to maths and fractals! The javascript/actionscript generators are great but I would like to try it on my mac directly. Anybody know if there is a simple way (via bash) or does it take some meddling with CoreAudio?
Interesting concept :)
Got caught up a bit and spent an evening trying out some tunes and then hacking together a minor editor;
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/3184097/algotunes.png
Two lines equals they get every second, three very third etc. If anybody is curious I put the source here; http://pastebin.com/5ACW4Q69
Those two lines actually sound pretty decent together.
dutt, what python and pyqt version do you use?
I can't load main.ui, see http://www.pastie.org/2655771
Python 2.7.1
PyQt, not sure, I think 4.7.something.
oh crud, forgot that file.
contents: http://pastebin.com/yfSinRpj
Hello! I wrote some MATLAB code for all this stuff. I am now processing some extra MATLAB code that creates several visualizations.
My web site is not available at the moment due to a major reconstruction i'm working on. If someone wants the MATLAB code i can provide it through email.
Is there a way to get in personal contact with viznut?
Thanks!
max
Oh, did I forget my contact information? You can email me at (my_pseudonym)@low.fi.
I'll probably release the third video during this weekend. This video will include a visualization of the new songs by using three quite obvious schemes (that still manage to make some formulas look quite pretty). I hope this will encourage more visually-oriented experimentation as well.
t>>6^t&0x25|t+(t^t>>11)-t* ((t%24?2:6)&t>>11)^t<<1&(t&0x256?t>>4:t>>10)
A bit long I suppose...but nice and soothing.
Featuring a snippet from yumeji from the comments on pouet.net
Adding periodic inclusion of stochastic elements to the code might be interesting, for example by generating a small pseudorandom table from a performance-time key on the command line, and using that periodically to change the direction of a section. Looks like I may have something else to do now!
This seems to generate reasonable pseudo-random pink noise sound:
(t*t*t)>>t
Did some audiovisual renditions a few days ago: http://0xa.kuri.mu/2011/10/09/bitop-videos/
Such a total time waste! CAN'T STOP ... NEED ... HELP ...
That said, i just wanted to add my experiments. Not really too proud of 'em, as i am humbled by skurk's and miiro's and more than all by Lost in Space which i can literally sleep to.
I was trying to find longer phrases, so i used a lot of divisions, which don't seem to be very common on your examples. Anyway, i liked this experiment:
((t+13217)/1211)&(t>>2|t>>4|t>>6)
though it is too silent. I managed to amplify it with:
((t+13217)/1211)&(t>>2|t>>4|t>>6)|(t>>2)|(t%256)
Then i found this that sounds a little like "vocalize" exercises:
t*((t+13217)/1211)&(t>>2|t>>4|t>>6)/512
Those 13217 and 1211 i seem to have generated by sheer keyboard-bashing...
Much further i got
((t*(t>>8|t>>9)&(t/256+45)&t>>8))^(t&t>>13|t>>6)
and
(t/384)&(t<<3|t>>3)+(t/896)&(t<<5|t>>5)+(t/1664)&(t<<7|t>>7)
Then there is this last one i like a lot, specially @32Hz
(t*t/256)&( t>>((t/1024)%16) )
I guess my mind just keeps on classifying all those sounds as parts that could be tied together (in say audacity or something) and that is why i like the unbalanced macro-structures...
Anyway, the whole thing seems to hinge upon /dev/audio discarding anything above 8 bits, so that 75% of the t variable (which should default to int which should be 32 bits) never goes anywhere. But on the other hand this kinda sucks because we can't really sum two different formulas. Isn't there a smarter way to do this? I did some experiments with aplay --format but didn't seem promising...
The third video has been added: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCRPUv8V22o
After a bit of playing around by some people in the ludum dare IRC, inspired by one of the tunes in the 3rd vid:
http://wurstcaptures.untergrund.net/music/?oneliner=((t*(%2236364689%22%5Bt%3E%3E13%267%5D%2615))%2F12%26(%228112242400442444%22%5B(t%2F65536)%2615%5D*32))%2B(((((t%3E%3E12)%5E(t%3E%3E12)-2)%2511*t)%2F4%7Ct%3E%3E13)%26(%221111111100000000%22%5B(t%2F65536)%2615%5D%3D%3D1%3F0%3A127))&oneliner2=((t*(%2236364689%22%5Bt%3E%3E13%267%5D%2615))%2F12%26(%221122424200444244%22%5B(t%2F65536)%2615%5D*32))%2B(((((t%3E%3E12)%5E(t%3E%3E12)-2)%2511*t)%2F4%7Ct%3E%3E13)%26(%221111111100000000%22%5B(t%2F65536)%2615%5D%3D%3D1%3F0%3A127))&t0=0&tmod=0&duration=35&separation=100&rate=44100
or for a shorter url: http://bit.ly/o1uCzQ
I have completed a Matlab program that makes one liners through Genetic Programming.
After a couple of generations, the compositions are quite acceptible and most of all, they have the potential for further development "by their own", but based on the user's taste!
After a little more playing, i will post a function produced in this way.
I' ve played with the genetic programming (GP) algorithm a little and here is an interesing result.
((t*t)>>((((8*t)&(t>>t))>>((11>>t)&(8|8)))+(((t+8)*((((t|11)*(t+11))+((t&8)>>(t+11)))*(((11>>8)|(t|8))>>((t>>8)|(11&8)))))+((t>>11)-(8|11)))))
Let it play for some seconds and it produces rhythmical structure.
I have also kept some versions of very similar programs (that were highly graded by me during the evolutionary procedure) and were kept with little modifications by GP.
(((((8-t)|(8+t))&((8|11)>>(8>>8)))+(((t&t)*(t>>11))-((t|11)+(8*8))))-((((11>>t)>>(t+t))>>((11&11)>>(t>>11)))>>(((8>>t)-(t+8))*((8+11)-(11>>11)))))
(((((8-t)|(8+t))&(11>>(8>>8)))+(((t&t)*(t>>11))-((t|11)+(8*8))))-((((11>>t)>>(t+t))>>((11&11)>>(t>>11)))>>(((8>>t)-(t+8))*((8+11)-(11>>11)))))
(((((8-t)|(8+t))&11)+(((t&t)*(t>>11))-((t|11)+(11*8))))-((((11>>t)>>(t+t))>>((11&11)>>(t>>11)))>>(((8>>t)-(t+8))*((8+11)-(11>>11)))))
Notice also that there are some not necessary operations like (11>>11). I will try to make the algorithm get rid of those automatically...
You've finally given me a really good explanation to what I've accidentally built here: http://www.niklasroy.com/project/39/psp-pocket-sound-performer
Really thanks a lot - it was a top inspiring read!
@Paul Hayes: the Flash Player is fantastic! Modulo would be cool to have, too.
Feel the funk y'all (or something)
20 * t*t* (t >>11)/7
More gently...
16 * t*t* (t >>11)/7
Hey guys, try these out.
for(t=0;;t++)
putchar((t>>13|t%24)&(t>>7|t%19));
-------------------------------------
for(t=0;;t++){
if(t%40==0)
putchar(t>>5);
if(t%47==0)
putchar(t>>8);
putchar(t>>11&t>>7&t>>3);
---------------------------------------
for(t=0;;t++){
putchar(t>>3&t>>11);
1h of wild music using an adaption in Reaktor:
http://soundcloud.com/akust/countercomplex
You could always try this in the javascript sound generator.
((t+(t>>4+t>>2)+50)+sin(t))%((t/(t>>5+t>>5|t%(t<<14+t<<12))+125))+t
Sounds pretty dark if you ask me.
there were some old implementations of BASIC with the BEEP (or other related) command that could create sounds close to this back in the day of 8 computers. One in particular HP 85 Hewlett Packard Computer which I experimented with - the computer was in a analytical chemistry laboratory and was supposed to be used to collect gas chromatography data. The lab even had a tape with VisiCalc on it (the original PC spreadsheet program). The sounds were not one liners though - they were generated as loops in BASIC. So, since BASIC isn't as space efficient as C it was more or less equivalent.
Fixed a slight bug in the drums... music bugs. Hm! New version. Not optimized though.
((1-(((t+10)>>((t>>9)&15))&2))*2)*((((t)>>10)^((t+20)>>10))&1)*32+(((t&4095)-2047)*((t/((t>>10&3)+1))&((t>>10&7)+5))+(t>>(((t>>12)+16)&25)&1)*t%512*(t%256-128)/2)/1024+128
Slightly more advanced drums part.
((1-(((t+10)>>((t>>9)&((t>>14))))&(t>>4&-2)))*2)*(((t>>10)^((t+((t>>6)&127))>>10))&1)*32+128
Thanks for the good fun. The whole concept of single line 8-bit synthesis is hillarious.
My best tune:
t>>6^t&0x25|t+(t^t>>11) -t*((t%24?2:6)&t>>11)^t<<1 &(t&0x256?t>>4:t>>10)
(featuring a snippet by yumeji from the pouet.net comments)
(~t/100|(t*3))^(t*3&(t>>5))&t Sounds nice, like it has a bassline
I made an Android app that plays these kinds of expressions. If there is interest, I could open source it and publish to the market.
I wrote some very simple python code for 8-bit oneliners (requires portaudio and pyaudio):
http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~corey/?p=248
I'm so much lost in this - here's a tune to share:
t*(t>>9|t>>13)&16
or this, similar, not so clear, more super mario:
( t* (( t>>9| t>>13 ) & 15)) & 129
I've been playing around a bit with this for a few minutes, I have got (t%31337>>3)|(t|t>>7) and (t&t>>7)*((1+t/4096)%2) (of for the lazy ones; http://goo.gl/VB6wG and http://goo.gl/B4Vhh ).
I definitively got interested, I feel a strong urge to make a game that is completely procedurally generated (code too?).
This one is quite interesting: t*t>>7*(sin(t>>11)*123)&(t&t>>7)|(t%31337>>3) http://goo.gl/htR4u
Thanks for introducing me to this entire new world. The sounds will become interesting once someone figures out how to use the simple logic to generate melodies, basslines, chords, and structure to create real music.
Hey, this has been an obsession of mine for a few days now; after reading about it from an acquaintance posting a link to this blog on Facebook, I've compiled and played about 70 of my own examples.
Here's one that stands out, from my own experiments:
(int)(((t>>4)|(t%10))+3.3) | (((t%101)|(t>>14))&((t>>7)|(t*t%17)))
"parametric exploration rules over deterministic composition"
I want that on a shirt. Great work!
Hi!
I was deeply shocked by the Algorithmic Symphonies and, as an electronic musician, wanted to explore some of them in another context, carefully rendering each of them into samples and applying FX and/or different sample rates. I wanted to ask you a couple of questions.
Please forget my poor C understanding. I'm just a BASH script guy friendly enough with the command line to understand some of the code.
I wrote this on OSX since I don't know how to pipe to CoreAudio and wanted to render a 30 seconds file and study it under Audacity. I've compiled it and piped to a .raw file
In this particular case:
short int t;
main(t) {
long int counter;
for (counter=0;counter<16000*30;counter++) {
putchar(t*((t>>11&t>>8)&123&t>>3));
t++;
}
}
a) I tried a short int type (guess is 16 bit) to see if it changes anything. My personal guess is that the program is still creating an 8 bit/8kHz sample so I'm wasting bytes, is that right?
b) Guess it would sound pretty lame for all C coders out there, but why I can't do:
main() {
...
}
instead of:
main(t) {
...
}
Results are not the same and I don't understand why putting t as a parameter in main is so important. I repeat: It's a non-C guy question. Please forget my newbieness
Thanks anyway for creating and documenting all these intriguing sound forms
Peace from Madrid, Spain
that´s an interesting application.
the mechanism behind that is mathematically called scaling.
it´s the fundamental effect that our whole universe is based on. fractals are a subset of that fundamental effect.
mathematics is the beautiful language that can describe scaling the best.
more information you´ll find at http://www.global-scaling-institute.de/files/gscompv18_en.pdf from http://www.global-scaling-institute.de/files
Very cool evidence of the deep link between math and music. I’m reminded of a musical one-liner I wrote in BASIC in 1985 -- here’s the mp3 .
Reminds me of what Martin Galway said about his 10+ minute, partially algorithmly-generated intro to Times of Lore on the Commodore 64 - that it was the most work he'd put into a song, and wondered just how many people would actually listen to it long enough to hear the "guitar solo" part that was generated...
Quite fun to play around with :)
I used the js player to find a few, and actually IMO quite good ones.
First off, 44.1 kHz:
t * ((t>>3|t>>4)&79&t>>14) +3*(8/t)&t>>6
Playing around with the above, I eventually got a quite dramatic piece:
t * ((t>>3&t>>4)*sin(79)-(t>>43/362)&t>>14) +3|(t>>8)|t>>9
sounds kinda like "sneak music" from some movie :)
For 8kHz:
A little kinda lulzy melody... Best enjoyed using a 60 sec duration
t*(t>>42|t>>12)
Last one for now is one containing an assortment of videogame-like sounds...
t*(t>>11&t>>6)/(t>>1&t>>6)
A few of them were dumb luck, I admit, but after I found out more about how it worked, I was able to make something :)
This inspired me to make this applet in processing.
This method is almost magical.I rendered that as visualization first and then HAD to know what it sounded like.
Many years ago on 8-bit Atari I found:
Which is:
FOR A=0 TO 15:FOR B=0 TO 15:SOUND 0,A,B,15:FOR X=0 TO 50:NEXT X:NEXT B:NEXT A
Short version: F.A=0TO15:F.B=0TO15:SO.0,A,B,15:F.X=0TO15:N.X:N.B:N.A
It is a nice piece of "music" too.
here's how you do it on the gpu with glsl: https://gist.github.com/1360582
Algorithmic music seems to become a trend.
http://tones.wolfram.com/
I looked at the b/w picture at the end and thought: this looks like a song in frequency domain. Just put a pow(2,1/12) in there for the y-coordinates and inverse FFT.
If you don't do it, I will do it.
(x is time, y is harmonics, got it?)
// here is a two operator FM synth.
#define tau (M_PI*2)
#define FM_CLOCK_RATE 8000.0
#define fmOp(time,volume,pitch) (volume*sin(((float)time)/((FM_CLOCK_RATE/pitch)/tau)))
for(t=0;;t++)
{
putchar((int)(((
fmOp(t,
1.0,
fmOp(t,1.0,60)
)
)*127.0)+127)
);
}
Change the 60 to change the rate at which the sound evolves. Change the outer 1.0 to adjust how much the inner oscilator modulates the outer on (max of tau, higher = more modulation).
To add more operators just replace the 60 with yet another fmOp call.
Yea, it isn't quite one line, but it takes just 192 bytes (not counting libraries).
My first song, techno dance including an intro!
http://bit.ly/sSIIFp
Here is an RPN parser that you can give a formula to. I haven't yet implemented sin and cos (I will make an array with values from 0 to 255 and two helper macros for this). Compile with -lm. Usage:
./parsound | aplay
For example
./parsound t t 3 \* + | aplay
Remember to escape or single-quote anything that your shell would parse otherwise.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define STACKSIZE 256
int stackpointer = -1;
int numbers[STACKSIZE];
void push(int value);
int pop(void);
int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int i;
int t;
int temp;
for( t=0; ; t++ ) {
for( i=1; i < argc; i++ ) {
switch ( argv[i][0] ) {
case '+':
push( pop() + pop() );
break;
case '-':
if( argv[i][1] == '\0' )
push( -pop() + pop() );
else
push( atoi(argv[i]) );
break;
case '/':
push( 1 / (pop() / pop()) );
break;
case '*':
push( pop() * pop() );
break;
case '|':
push( pop() | pop() );
break;
case '^':
push( pop() ^ pop() );
break;
case '&':
push( pop() & pop() );
break;
case '~':
push( ~pop() );
break;
case '%':
temp = pop();
push( pop() % temp );
break;
case '>':
if( strcmp( argv[i], ">>" ) == 0 ) { temp = pop(); push( (pop() >> temp) ); }
break;
case '<':
if( strcmp( argv[i], "<<" ) == 0 ) { temp = pop(); push( (pop() << temp) ); }
break;
case 's':
if( strcmp( argv[i], "sqrt" ) == 0 ) push( sqrt( pop() ) );
break;
case 'p':
if( strcmp( argv[i], "pow" ) == 0 ) {
temp = pop();
push( pow( pop(), temp ) );
}
break;
case 't':
push( t );
break;
default:
push( atoi(argv[i]) );
break;
}
}
if( stackpointer > 0 ) {
printf("Error: Your expression should only leave one number on the stack.");
exit(4);
}
putchar( numbers[stackpointer] );
stackpointer = -1; /* Reset the stack */
}
return 0;
}
void push(value)
int value;
{
stackpointer++;
if( stackpointer > STACKSIZE ) {
printf( "Error: Stack size exceeded.\n" );
exit(1);
}
numbers[stackpointer] = value;
}
int pop(void) {
stackpointer--;
if( stackpointer < -1 ) {
printf( "Error: Ran out of numbers.\n" );
exit(2);
}
return numbers[stackpointer + 1];
}
Whoops, blogger ate the includes. They are stdio.h, stdlib.h, string.h and math.h
very interesting thing, I've been experimenting with it for a while and found some interesting (perhaps) songs, my favourite so far:
(t<65536)?((2*t*(t>>11)&(t-1)|(t>>4)-1)%64):(((t%98304)>65536)?((17*t*(2*t>>8)&(t-1)|(t>>6)-1)%64|(t>>4)):((15*t*(2*t>>16)&(t-1)|(t>>8)-1)%64|(t>>4)))
Based on somehow changed formulas found here:
enjoy :))
Note the 0:33 and 1:06 :)
Modified [ps]29 December 2011 01:22
:
bit.ly/zKoBt8
:)
u can use this formula as a good background ((t*5/53) | t*5+(t<<1)
this one too (int) (t/1e7*t*t+t)%127|t>>3
how can we do the same code in python?
Serial killer quotes
Where and what is the online JS tool mentioned in the third video ? I have been testing some of these on an atmega328 with a 6bit r2rdac wired up to it, (inspired by "little scale" but i would like a quicker easier way of "prototyping" songs
How to redirect stdout to pc speaker in borland c++ 3.1 to use putchar for sound?
...How to redirect stdout... My mail is plover@rambler.ru
i like the moon picture.
Nice post! really great info Thanks we running a new site related to quotes and this site will give u a chance by which u can be get Quotes on life
I've managed to create what almost sounds like a voice :)
I have yet to analyze it but I intentionally left variables a and b in there. I find that this works best with a=5 and b=8. And if b is increased, the whole sample slows down.
((t&t>>a)|666^(t&t>>b) & t*(t<>b))
(t&t>>a|t>>b) & t*(t<>b)
New bytebeat synthesizer for iphone/ipad: BitWiz Audio Synth
Very easy tool to play around with this, and has XY-pad for real-time tweaking of variables.
t&~t>>4^~t>>7-0.1
^ nice beat
Hi,
Ported to Arduino with the addition of an 8 bit led visualiser (only 4 bit in this video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWMdtStvpMg&feature=plcp
I Will add a link to your original post here.
Duane B
(t|t>>5)&(t|t>>13)-(t|t>>21)
Very interesting progressions come out of golden ratio numbers & various combinations of Sierpinski triangles, listen for 500 seconds or so, just keep volume down as there are some less than subtle transitions. Thank you for sharing, this is very addictive!
I've made this one.
main(t){for(;;t++)putchar((t*3|t*2>>7)+(t*2&t*3>>8)+(t*2&t>>8));}
I was experimenting with conditionals. The result came out quite interesting.
main(t){for(;;t++){putchar((t<16384)?(t*2&t*2>>4):(t<32768)?(t*3&t*2>>4):(t<49152)?(t*5&t*2>>4):(t<65536)?(t*4&t*2>>4):0);if(t>=65536)t=0;}}
http://wurstcaptures.untergrund.net/music/?oneliner=t%3D%3D0%3F(%20d%20%3D%201600%2C%20g%20%3D%200%2C%20tg%20%3D%200%2C%20M%20%3D%20(function(i)%7Breturn%20Math.pow(7%2C%20(i*(i%2B2))%20%26%200x3f)%20%25%2017%3B%7D)%2C%20Y%20%3D%20(function(t%2Ci)%7Breturn%20sin(t%20*%200.26163%20*%20Math.pow(1.059463%2C%20i))%3B%7D))%3A0%2C%20i%20%3D%20M(floor(t%2Fd)%2B(i%265))%2C%20t%25d%20%3D%3D%200%20%3F%20(g%20%3D%200%2C%20tg%20%3D%20t)%20%3A%20(!g%20%26%26%20t%20%25%20d%20%3E%200.2*d%20%3F%20(g%20%3D%201%2C%20tg%20%3D%20t)%3A0)%2C%20(g%20%3F%20(t%20%3C%20tg%20%2B%20d%2F3%20%3F%20Math.max(0%2Ccos(6*(t%20-%20tg)%2Fd))%3A0)%20%3A%20(t%20%3C%20tg%20%2B%20d%2F8%20%3F%20Math.min(1%2Csin(10*(t%20-%20tg)%2Fd))%20%3A%201))%20*%200x7F%20*%20Y(t%2C%20i)&oneliner2=&t0=0&tmod=0&duration=40&separation=100&rate=8000
Windows Phone app for one-line experimental music
Hi, I implemented some of this algorithms on an ATTINY44 and a DIY R-2R 8-bit DAC
http://matias.blog.br/2013/03/02/algorithmic-symphonies-from-one-line-of-code-meets-my-r-2r-diy-8bit-dac/
This is really cool! This is the best one I've gotten so far:
http://wurstcaptures.untergrund.net/music/?oneliner=(((5%26t)*(t%3E%3E35)%7C(t%2B3%26t%3E%3E18))%26(t%3E%3E46%7Ct%3E%3E37))%7C(t%26((4*t-1)%7C14)%3E%3E16)*t%26((t%3E%3E387%7Ct%3E%3E92)%2B1)&oneliner2=&t0=0&tmod=0&duration=98.25&separation=100&rate=11025
It evolves as the parts interact in different ways...
chiptune rulez =)
welcome to
www.great8bit.blogspot.com
From MIT AI Memo 239, Feb. 29, 1972, items 145 and 168:
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hacks.html#item145
http://www.inwap.com/pdp10/hbaker/hakmem/hacks.html#item168
I think these old examples are kind of arcane because the people who made them were playing with the PDP-10 to see what it could do, rather than trying to advance sound production.
I'm also reminded of the short Perl poetry generators in
http://trope-tank.mit.edu/TROPE-12-02.pdf
g="314159276535",h=64,j=6,t%h&t/2>>j|(t/4)|t>>5|t>>4*t&128>>3*((t%42)*1.1414)^t*(g[t>>11&5])%64
I prefer structural sound and light peaceful music. Thanks all for sharing you views. I am coding a new tune for better services of Messages While Phone On Hold for my business callers.
Thanks for sharing very good information.
I hear things like this but i never tried this, i program in c and c++ but its so different that this one, myabe some day i can do that but first i am trying to modify whatsapp for pc that i just downloaded
This one sounds like a video game XD
(t / (( t >> 16 | t>> 8)) & (( t >> 5 | t >> 11))) -1 | t * (( t >> 16 | t>> 8))
This is awesome. I can program a little in Python and Ruby, but I'm probably too dumb to ever understand these code snippets.
Perhaps the just reason why these types of teenagers hotel to online pay day loans is principally since they generate much less but are very driven to take pleasure from stuff various other teenagers using increased earnings include. An additional acceptable reason can be that these teenagers are nevertheless from that will get older if they are having their 1st taste of freedom and therefore are nonetheless wanton within where did they commit their salary. They're whoever has the particular trend to splurge about the most current artist clothes, dedicate to the newest tools, obtain the trendiest autos as well as apartments as well as commit the most of what exactly they generate going to watering holes as well as other cultural areas. Before they learn that, they've already maxed on their credit cards along with should count on the particular mercy of cash advance loan providers to present them a primary lender cash advance to purchase rent along with ammenities.text loans direct lenders UK
trying to contain itself
t%5055)?t%(155)|t>>6:t>>1*(8+t%((t%7000<5000)?(t+5)%145555:((t+5)%13018)))/3.2)*3
Very interesting way to make music.
code for ATtiny13 http://forum.primuss3.com/viewtopic.php?p=6666#p6666
Once you submit the loan application, lending company will verify it and right after the inatant patdat loans approval, your requested loan amount will be transferred into your bank account without any delay. So, get ready to have without any trouble and meet the needs on time.
http://instantpaydayloanszone.co.uk/
Frequently within the existence you need to encounter a few difficulties and people difficulties could be associated with something actually, that may be associated with economic crisis. When you are via any kind of financial crunches that point you'll need cash really urgently however in those days you cannot obtain which the help of all of your member of the family as well as your near family member. If you find financial difficulty that point just that individual may realize that scenario which exactly how trouble scenario they're dealing with therefore terribly too. Throughout the second you cannot actually realize what you need to precisely perform or even exactly what not really as well as exactly how encounter which severe scenario that you experienced. However anyway you need to overcome through which hard scenario and thus; you'll need cash in order to manage your own home as well as every thing.
http://textloansonlineuk.co.uk/
Good one.
sap gold partner
SAP Partners
I've written a program that outputs the results of these forumalas directly to .wav files, for my convenience.
Does anyone know where the data repeats? Obviously it must repeat after t reaches the maximum int value and then goes back to 0, but that is after generating 2 GB of data! Does the data cycle/repeat before that, or change continuously? I ask because I want my program to generate one complete cycle only (by default) for each formula.
http://backingwinds.blogspot.in/2006/10/how-to-create-professional-hdr-images.html
http://countercomplex.blogspot.in/2011/10/algorithmic-symphonies-from-one-line-of.html
http://buddingbaketress.blogspot.in/2010/12/peanut-butter-reindeer-cookies.html
http://mylinuxexplore.blogspot.in/2013/12/linux-mint-16-petra-cinnamon-and-mate.html
http://linuxlock.blogspot.in/2008/12/linux-stop-holding-our-kids-back.html
http://mommadidit.blogspot.in/2012/07/light-up-night.html
http://moishelettvin.blogspot.in/2006/11/windows-shutdown-crapfest.html
http://tonymacx86.blogspot.in/2010/04/iboot-multibeast-install-mac-os-x-on.html
http://grosgrainfabulous.blogspot.in/2013/05/mismatched-socks-sew-sock-snake.html
http://cassandralegacy.blogspot.in/2013/07/peak-oil-what-peak-oil.html
The total amount availed may be used through the person within readily within the satisfaction of the numerous requirements such as paying down their house lease, purchasing brand new points, food expenses, college or even college tuition costs, debt consolidation reduction, unexpected fixing from the cars and so forth.
http://www.waytoloans.com/unemployed-payday-loans.html
http://www.waytoloans.com/payday-loans.html
http://www.waytoloans.com/unsecured-loans-for-bad-credit.html
http://www.waytoloans.com/unsecured-tenant-loans.html
http://www.waytoloans.com/faxless-payday-loans.html
In the event of any kind of lapse to pay for the total amount, you could get the possibility associated with having to pay curiosity. The eye needs to be compensated till time the whole quantity isn't compensated.
http://textloansu.co.uk/
http://doorsteploanszone.co.uk/
It's that a person needs to search through the internet and search through this carefully. Everything it requires is actually a couple of minutes that you should utilize online.
bad credit payday loans online @ http://badcreditpaydayloansx.co.uk/
bad credit loans online @ http://badcreditpaydayloansx.co.uk/
Late to the party:
t/(t&(t>>12))
Using 44.1kHz, it has an illusion of a reverb effect.
(t*(t>>11)*1/3*t)
Free bytebeat app for android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.midnightsun.synth.android
Hello Everybody,
My name is Mrs Sharon Sim. I live in singapore and i am a happy woman today? and i told my self that any lender that rescue my family from our poor situation, i will refer any person that is looking for loan to him, he gave me happiness to me and my family, i was in need of a loan of S$250,000.00 to start my life all over as i am a single mother with 3 kids I met this honest and GOD fearing man loan lender that help me with a loan of S$250,000.00 SG. Dollar, he is a GOD fearing man, if you are in need of loan and you will pay back the loan please contact him tell him that is Mrs Sharon, that refer you to him. contact Dr Purva Pius,via email:(urgentloan22@gmail.com) +918376918351 Thank you.
http://softrash.googlecode.com/hg/online/bytebeat.html?select=0
http://softrash.googlecode.com/hg/online/bytebeat.html?select=23
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8kE0ddVwqY
Agen Sbobet
http://988bet.com/prediksi-hoffenheim-vs-bayer-leverkusen-23-januari-2016/
http://988bet.com/prediksi-hertha-bsc-vs-augsburg-tanggal-23-januari-2016/
http://988bet.com/prediksi-crystal-palace-vs-tottenham-hotspur-23-januari-2016/
http://988bet.com/prediksi-cesena-vs-virtus-entella-tanggal-23-januari-2016/
http://988bet.com/prediksi-skor-cagliari-vs-ternana-tanggal-23-januari-2016/
http://988bet.com/prediksi-skor-ascoli-vs-virtus-lanciano-23-januari-2016/
Does anyone know how to find at what point the data loops?
The following code is for bitwiz, the synth for iDevices. The sample rate is 44.1k. It's determined by the r "( equals 1. The c variable controls stereo output. // music with drumsand some symbols ^|<<>>
r=1, (t/128)&((t>>17+c)&t>>12+c) * (t/3)+c^(t>>(t/32+c))^(t/96-c)
Here is a code for some coolmusic followed by cool sound effects, then more music. sound effects. After I paste in that code, I
Ll paste in another musical one, which involves quarter tones. you
Ll need to shuck off your western music brain for this one.
The sound effects are shrill at first so turn your volume down.
r=6, t%(((t%254)>>11)-c&(t>>15)+c&(t>>12)-c|(t>>15)&t>>10)*5
Now here is the musical one, which my band, Blind Labyrinth, are using in an electroacoustic piece.
r=3, t%((t>>10)-c&(t>>14)+c&(t>>11)-c|(t>>18))*2r=3, t%((t>>10)-c&(t>>14)+c&(t>>11)-c|(t>>18))*2
made a really good complicated one that turned out to have multiple "movements," but i made it on the wurstcaptures online machine and saved the resulting wav, but i neglected to record the source formula :( is there any way to analyze a piece of music and sort of "decompile" it back into an algorithm?
that's either something known or something theoretical, but here's the result of me taking the clip, slowing it down, putting a light phaser on it, duplicating it and adding a wahwah to the dupe, taking the wahwah dupe file and opening it in nano and hacking away bits of the machine code (bytecode?), adding the glitched version of wahwah dupe as another track, kinda mixing it https://soundcloud.com/facebookuser7037018/5qicgrvx-more
the original, slowed, and glitch track only versions are there too, along with other music i've made partiall using this technique (via the online wurstcapture implementation as i'm still learning pretty basic coding stuff)~
-Holly psionic@grrlz.net
Thanks for the great post on your blog, it really gives me an insight on this topic.
pipe lining systems
( t*t/4>>((t/8)%4) )&(t+t/3*t/4) is funny
cool tbx
bonus bagging review
//mary had a little lamb
//m is melody, s is speed, first & variable, &15, tells the app we are using hex numbers, 0 through f. Second one has to b four less than a power of two, like 28 or 60. The higher this number, the longer he pauses between cycles. Perhaps you can find a way to make longer mlodies?
r=3,
m=0x0cccbabc,
s=t>>10&60,
t*(15&m>>s)
&128&t>>4
Fascinating article. I had a lot of fun playing with this stuff.
I don't have my own music program to contribute, but here's a Bash one-liner for generating the monochrome images using ImageMagick:
./a.out | head -c $((256*256)) | convert -size 256x256 -depth 8 gray:- out.png
Sangat bermanfaat, makasih
nice blog
Actually computers write symphonies alone within minutes. Their works are hardly distinguishable from human compositions even for practiced listeners.
What about this one?
t%(1E4/Math.pow(2,"=B=E=B=G=A=D=A==B=I=E=E;>;D>G>=B=EBIENBEBJENENBFBIFLFLBGLJBGJI=B=E=B=E;>ED;=AB69=B=EBIENIQNUQZ".charCodeAt((t>>13)%94)/12))
https://jsfiddle.net/4whu68ey/
zxcxzc
Some fiddle from here with lipsum :)
Great post! I am actually getting ready to across this information, It’s very helpful for this blog.Also great with all of the valuable information you have Keep up the good work you are doing well.
Digital Marketing online training
full stack developer training in pune
full stack developer training in annanagar
full stack developer training in tambaram
Great content thanks for sharing this informative blog which provided me technical information keep posting.
Data Science training in btm
Data Science training in rajaji nagar
Data Science training in chennai
Data Science training in kalyan nagar
Data Science training in electronic city
Data Science training in USA
selenium training in chennai
selenium training in bangalore
Impressive. Your story always brings hope and new energy. Keep up the good work.
python training institute in chennai
python training in Bangalore
python training in pune
I am really great for reading this article. You most absolutely have built this blog website into something special. You clearly know what you are working on, you've insured so many corners. Thanks
Digital marketing training in anna nagar
Digital marketing training in Chennai
This is very good content you share on this blog. it's very informative and provide me future related information.
Data Science training in rajaji nagar
Data Science training in chennai
Data Science training in electronic city
Data Science training in USA
Data science training in pune
Data science training in kalyan nagar
Best Regards
http://9apps.ind.in/
Here's What I Know About Garageband for Windows 10 2017 from GarageBand for PC - Windows 10/8/7 - Applecore Software.
Expected to form you a next to no word to thank you once more with respect to the decent recommendations you've contributed here.
AngularJs training in velachery
AngularJs training in chennai
Your article inspired me to learn more and more about this technology, waiting for your next content!!
selenium Training in Chennai
Selenium Training Chennai
ios training institute in chennai
Digital Marketing Course in Chennai
.Net coaching centre in chennai
Future of testing professional
Yeah, I know, but it just makes it really easy. If I don't find a way of solving this problem I will go for std:: list. No clue why my code is crashing?
Embedded System Training in Chennai
Thanks for your great and helpful presentation I like your good service.I always appreciate your post.That is very interesting I love reading and I am always searching for informative information like this. Please keep Sharing For More info on counter complex. please follow our article android quiz questions and answers | android code best practices | android development for beginners | future of android development 2018 | android device manager location history
I believe that your blog will surely help the readers who are really in need of this vital piece of information. Waiting for your updates.
IELTS Classes in Mumbai
IELTS Coaching in Mumbai
Best IELTS Coaching in Mumbai
IELTS Center in Mumbai
IELTS Training in Mumbai
IELTS Coaching Classes in Mumbai
IELTS Classes in near me
Whatever we gathered information from the blogs, we should implement that in practically then only we can understand that exact thing clearly, but it’s no need to do it, because you have explained the concepts very well. It was crystal clear, keep sharing..
RPA Training in Chennai
Robotics Process Automation Training in Chennai
RPA courses in Chennai
Robotic Process Automation Training
RPA course
thanks for sharing such a nice info.I hope you will share more information like this. please keep on sharing!
Hadoop Training in Chennai
thanks for sharing such a nice info.I hope you will share more information like this. please keep on sharing!.
Hadoop Training in Chennai
Nice blog..! I really loved reading through this article. Thanks for sharing such an amazing post with us and keep blogging... Please keep Sharing For More info on counter complex please follow our article angular 7 training in chennai | angular 7 training in velachery
I am reading your post from the beginning, it was so interesting to read & I feel thanks to you for posting such a good blog, keep updates regularly.
Aws Certification in Chennai
Amazon Web Services Training in Chennai
AWS Training centers in Chennai
Android Training Chennai
Android Courses in Chennai
Android Mobile apps Development Training in Chennai
Do you need personal loan? Does your firm,company or industry need financial assistance? Do you need finance to start your business? Do you need finance to expand your business? We give out loan to interested individuals who are seeking loan with good faith. Are you seriously in need of an urgent loan contact us at Email: flourishloancredite@gmail.com
APPLICATION DETAILS
Your Full Details:
Full Name:
Loan Amount Need:
Loan Duration:
Phone Number:
Applied before?
State:
Monthly Income:
Country:
Where did you hear about us;..
You are to send this to our Company Email;flourishloancredite@gmail.com
I have been surfing online more than three hours
as of late, but I never found any attention-grabbing article like yours.
loud ringtones free
Thanks Admin for sharing such a useful post, I hope it’s useful to many individuals for developing their skill to get good career.
Java interview questions and answers
Core Java interview questions and answers
Java training in Chennai | Java training in Tambaram
Java training in Chennai | Java training in Velachery
What is the future of data science?
Current approaches to AI and ML (Machine Learning) are statistic in nature and cannot generate models or discover causal mechanisms from data (sometimes scientists do helped by AI and ML but not AI or ML themselves, and people get confused believing it is AI or ML).If You Want more details contact us: 9384409662, #DataSciencewithR,#DataSciencewithRTraininginChennai,#DataSciencewithRTrainingInstituteinChennai,#TraininginVelachery.
Excellent post. Thank you for sharing.
SAP R3 Support in Chennai
SAP Hana Support in Chennai
SAP Support in India
SAP R3 in India
HR Payroll Software
Leave Management Software
This blog is the general information for the feature. You got a good work for these blog.We have a developing our creative content of this mind.Thank you for this blog. This for very interesting and useful.
Data Science course in Chennai | Best Data Science course in Chennai
Data science course in bangalore | Best Data Science course in Bangalore
Data science course in pune | Data Science Course institute in Pune
Data science online course | Online Data Science certification course-Gangboard
Data Science Interview questions and answers
This is beyond doubt a blog significant to follow. You’ve dig up a great deal to say about this topic, and so much awareness. I believe that you recognize how to construct people pay attention to what you have to pronounce, particularly with a concern that’s so vital. I am pleased to suggest this blog.
python training Course in chennai
python training in Bangalore
Python training institute in bangalore
This is most informative and also this post most user friendly and super navigation to all posts... Thank you so much for giving this information to me..
Java interview questions and answers
Core Java interview questions and answers
Java training in Chennai | Java training in Tambaram
Java training in Chennai | Java training in Velachery
Great post. I was looking for this type of posts for a while. I'm glad that I came across this. Regards.
C C++ Training in Chennai | C Training in Chennai | C++ Training in Chennai | C++ Training | C Language Training | C++ Programming Course | C and C++ Institute | C C++ Training in Chennai | C Language Training in Chennai
Great post! Such an informative article written in a clear and precise manner. Expecting more posts from you.
Placement Training in Chennai | Training institutes in Chennai with Placement | Best Training and Placement institutes in Chennai | Placement Training institutes | Placement Training Centres in Chennai | Placement Training institutes in Chennai | Best Placement Training institutes in Chennai | Training and Job Placement in Chennai | Training come Placement in Chennai | Placement Courses in Chennai | Training and Placement institutes in Chennai
Good to see this blog admin, really helpful to me. Share more like this.
UiPath Training in Chennai
UiPath Training
UiPath Training near me
RPA UiPath Training
UiPath Course
UiPath Training Institutes in Chennai
visa immigration service in delhi
cattle feed bags supplier
All are saying the same thing repeatedly, but in your blog I had a chance to get some useful and unique information, I love your writing style very much, I would like to suggest your blog in my dude circle, so keep on updates.
Data Science course in Chennai | Best Data Science course in Chennai
Data science course in bangalore | Best Data Science course in Bangalore
Data science course in pune | Data Science Course institute in Pune
Data science online course | Online Data Science certification course-Gangboard
Data Science Interview questions and answers
Nice post with much information
selenium training in Bangalore
selenium courses in Bangalore
selenium training in Marathahalli
selenium training institute in bangalore
best web development training in Bangalore
web development course in bangalore
best web development training in Bangalore
web development training in Marathahalli
techbindhu
Awesome post with valid information. Thanks for sharing this great post. Keep blogging. Regards.
Corporate Training in Chennai | Corporate Training institute in Chennai | Corporate Training Companies in Chennai | Corporate Training Companies | Corporate Training Courses | Corporate Training
Awesome post! Thanks for sharing this valuable information.
LINUX Training in Chennai | LINUX Course in Chennai | Best LINUX Training institute in Chennai | Best LINUX Training in Chennai | Learn LINUX | LINUX Certification | LINUX Course | LINUX Certification Courses in Chennai | LINUX Training
Goyal packers and movers in Panchkula is highly known for their professional and genuine packing and moving services. We are top leading and certified relocation services providers in Chandigarh deals all over India. To get more information, call us.
Packers and movers in Chandigarh
Packers and movers in Panchkula
Packers and movers in Mohali
Packers and movers in Zirakpur
Packers and movers in Patiala
Packers and movers in Ambala
Packers and movers in Ambala cantt
Packers and movers in Pathankot
Packers and movers in Jalandhar
Packers and movers in Ludhiana
The best way to find the best Best Online Dj Equipment is to go to google and then search the term Dj Supplies. You can get details about any kind of DJ Equipment, DJ Gears DJ filters and DJ Lighting on our official website.
Thinking of growing as best packers and movers in Mohali? Just click on click track india, and you are ready for the skyrocket sales.
Packers and movers in Chandigarh
Packers and movers in Mohali
Packers and movers in Noida
Packers and movers in Gurgaon
Packers and movers in Delhi NCR
Very good information provided, Thanks a lot for sharing such useful information.
air hostess training in Bangalore
air hostess academy Bangalore
cabin crew course in Bangalore
cabin crew training in Bangalore
It takes a lot of effort to write such a great content. I appreciate your talent. Thanks for sharing. Looking forward for more from you.
Microsoft Dynamics CRM Training in Chennai | Microsoft Dynamics Training in Chennai | Microsoft Dynamics CRM Training | Microsoft Dynamics CRM Training institutes in Chennai | Microsoft Dynamics Training | Microsoft CRM Training | Microsoft Dynamics CRM Training Courses | CRM Training in Chennai
This blog is very interesting and powerful content. I got more important information and it's very useful for improve my knowledge.
Tableau Certification in Bangalore
Tableau Training Institutes in Bangalore
Tableau Classes in Bangalore
Tableau Coaching in Bangalore
Tableau Training in Bangalore
Thanks for the informative article. This is one of the best resources I have found in quite some time. Nicely written and great info. I really cannot thank you enough for sharing.
angularjs Training in chennai
angularjs-Training in pune
angularjs-Training in chennai
angularjs Training in chennai
angularjs Training in chennai
angularjs-Training in tambaram
Very nice post here thanks for it .I always like and such a super contents of these post.Excellent and very cool idea and great content of different kinds of the valuable information's.
Machine learning training in chennai
machine learning course fees in chennai
machine learning training center in chennai
Blog is really great!!! Thanks for the sharing…
Angularjs Training in Chennai
Angularjs Training in Bangalore
Angularjs course in Chennai
Angularjs Training Institute in Bangalore
Thanks for splitting your comprehension with us. It’s really useful to me & I hope it helps the people who in need of this vital information.
Software Testing Training in Chennai | Software Testing Courses in Chennai
Software testing course in coimbatore | software testing training in coimbatore
software testing training in bangalore | software testing course in bangalore
software testing training in madurai | software testing course in madurai
Post a Comment